ATLANTA — independent leader John Edwards go again to health concern as a foremost subject as he detained one of his utilitarian “little alter for large alter” fund-raisers in Atlanta.
On Tuesday Edwards said his health care proposal would put forward complete treatment for cerebral health and assurance treatment for people with pre-existing medical situation. It would be finance by undulating back latest tax cuts for citizens making more than $200,000 a year and functioning to force down Drug Company and insurance prices.
The occasion at the Georgia cargo Depot crossways from the state Capitol sketch’s about three fifty followers who paid $15 every to attend. Campaign personnel did not straight away have information on how much funds was collected.

Cervical Spondylosis

Osteoarthritis occurring in the neck joints. Symptoms may include aching and stiffness in the neck as well as pain, weakness and “pins and needles” in the arms when the nerves emerging through canals in the vertebrae in the neck become irritated by pressure form swollen joints. A collar of foam or plastic worn for one to three months will usually bring relief as may exercise, traction and radiant heat. (See ARTHRITIS and OSTEOARTHRITIS.)

Cervix

The neck of the womb which opens in childbirth, Cancer of the cervix is a common but, hopefully, preventable form of cancer in women and can occur at a relatively young age. An easy test (clerical smear) is useful in detecting early changes. The procedure takes seconds and is no more uncomfortable than an internal examination. The smear is examined in a laboratory and altered cells can be spotted before they have invaded other tissues (i.e. become malignant).

Early disease can be treated by removing part of the cervix (coning). In other cases hysterectomy (removal of the womb) is performed and the patient is carefully followed up.

Extreme care in hygiene of the penis and underside of the foreskin is vital as it is thought the “debris” which collects may contribute to cervical cancer. (See also BIRTH, CONTRACEPTION and INFERTILIGY.)

Chancre (See SYPHILIS.)

Change of Life (See MENOPAUSE.)

Chicken Pox (See SHINGLES.)

One of the infective illnesses of childhood, caused by a virus. Most children catch it, usually during school years. A second attack is rare. Incubation is usually about two to three weeks, i.e. it takes that time for symptoms to develop after invasion by the virus. Sometimes the child is off color before the spots develop, but usually spots are the firss symptoms. At first they are small red bumps, but develop a white top containing fluid and later form a crust. The spots usually appear on the chest, and spread to the face, scalp and the upper parts of limps. The child may have a slight fever, and is infectious for seen days after the spots appear. Complications of chicken pox are rare (though it can be worse in adults) and uneventful recovery the rule. The same germ can cause shingles later in life.

Catarrh

A rather vague term but usually taken to mean a stuffed-up feeling in head and nose, with or without nasal discharge and is sometimes associated with a feeling of sticky fluid dripping down the back of the throat. These symptoms are normal in the week or two following a could or flu. Children tend to have twice as many colds as adults and thus in winter may seem to have persistent snuffles and thus in linter may seem to hai persistent snuffles and catarrh. A constant running nose a dmouthbreathing in a child may seem to have persistent snuffles and catarrh. A constant running nose and mouth breathing in a child may indicate lare adenoids. Many “catarrhal” children however out-grow the condition at about seven years as their nasal passages enlarge and become less easily blocked. A foul nasal discharge in a child suggests a foreign body e.g. a bead, stuck in the nose.

The catarrh which follows a cold can be relieved by inhaling the vapor of Friars’ Balsam (one teaspoonful to a pint of boiling water). If catarrh persists for more than three weeks after a cold there may be underlying sinusitis which can be treated by your doctor. (See ANTRUM.)

Allergy such as hay fever causes watery catarrh, frequent sneezing and “stuffed-up” nose. Allergic subjects tend to develop nasal polyps (thickened folds of the lining of the nose) which increase the catarrh. The piece of cartilage which divides the nasal passages is deviated to one side in some people. Stuffiness and blockage can then occur on the narrow side. This can be helped by a minor operation.

Other causes of catarrh include smoking, a polluted or damp atmosphere and excessive use of decongestant nose drops.

Catheter

A tube for withdrawing fluid from a cavity- e.g. the bladder.

Cellulites

A spreading skin infection due to a germ. The area affected becomes red, swollen and painful, and the patient usually has fever, Get epert treatment, for nowadays it is usually rapidly curable.

Cerebral

Pertaining to the brain. (See STROKE.)

Carbuncle

Similar to a boil but the infection is deeper. A boil discharges through on opening; a carbuncle may have several. For a small carbuncle the treatment is similar (see BOILS) but for most consult a doctor.

Cardiac Pertaining to the heart. (SeeHEART DISEASE.)

Cartilage

A pad of “gristle” in many joints which acts as a buffer between bones. The common one to cause trouble is in the knee. A twist may cause it to tear with acute pain in the knee which often becomes locked and swollen. Sometimes the symptoms may subside with rest, but often it is necessary to remove the cartilage by a simple operation to save further trouble. It may be worth wearing a knee support pad for a few days while trying the resting cure.

Cataract

A condition, usually occurring in older people, in which the lens of the eye becomes clouded, (see Fig. 7, page 97), so that less light reaches the retie. Vision becomes progressively worse but the outlook is good. Sometimes the condition becomes arrested, or affects one eye only, and in any case it is possible to operate and remove the opacity. Sometimes and artificial lens is inserted at the time of operation. Otherwise thick glasses must be worn after the operation to focus the light.

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This condition is all too commo, and is the second most frequent cause of death. The term “cancer” covers a group of allied disorders which have uncommon the unrestrained growth of some small part of the body with the formation of a lump or tumor.

Normally the growth of any particular part of the body is carefully regulated to meet with its requirements.

When some part jis injured the cells (minute lying structures) of which it is composed multiply until the injury is made good, at the whole process is controlled. In the condition of cancer, for some reason, a group of cells starts to multiply abnormally and continues to do so, disorganizing the normal working of the body Smoothies groups of these cells may be carried to distant parts of the body by the blood and there set up fish tumors. If the process continues unchecked some vital organ will eventually become so disorganized that life cannot continue.

It is vital the lay person should not take the all-too-curable if tken early- that is the point. The most effective treatment, in numerous instances, is still surgery, which means cutting out the affected part.

If all the cancer cells are removed jthe condition will be rued. The smaller the tumor, the less chance it has had to spread, and the more likely is complete cure. There adre also other valuable means of treatment such as radiotherapy, anti-tumor drugs, and certain hormones. Research indicts that some cancers are due to chemicals in the environment perhaps the greatest hope is prevention. Methods for detecting and identifying cancer-producing chemicals are being developed and will help to clean upour surroundings. Sources are industrial waste, car exhausts and cigarette smoke.

New treatments being developed include high energy irradiation such as neutron beams. New drugs and new combinations of old drugs are showing promise in some cancers.

The illness in not common before 40 and the incidence increases with age. Perhaps the cells become less efficient at dealing with injury due to irritant s over this age. THE KEYNOTE OF SUCCESS IS EARLY TREATMENT. Anyone who has a symptom which does not go inside a few weeks should consult a doctor. Danger signals are a lump in breast (see BREAST) or testicle, etc., persistent cough (more than three weeks), persistent change in bowel habit, loss of weight, persistent or recurrent pain and the appearance of blood, for example from the bowel, in urine, from the mouth after coughing or vomiting, from the nipple or from the vagina after the menopause or between periods. The chne are there may be some other explanation which your doctor will be able to put right. If yur doctor is suspicious he will be able to advise tests to establish the diagnosi.

(See LEUKAEMIA and CERVIX.) Car Sickness.
(See TRAVELSICKNESS.)

The medical term for “stone”. Stones may form in organs such as the gall bladder, kidneys or the urinary bladder, and cause pain and other disturbances. Once a stone has formed and causes trouble, removal by an operation is generally necessary. Some small kidney stones can be treated by exteranlshock wawes. Drugs are now available which dissolve gall stones but recurrence after stopping treatment may be a problem. (See GALL BLADDER, KIDNEY DISEASE and STONES.)

For: Caesarian Section (See BIRTH)

A small sac containing fluid which protects part of the body from injury. It is usually found over some prominent bone which it cushions. If a bursa becomes inflamed it is known as bursitis. This most commonly occurs in the feet, Elbows and knees. There jis a small bursa at the base of each of the big toes on the inner side. This commonly becomes inflamed through wearing too tight shoes and is often known as a BUNION.

If protected from pressure by wearing loose shoes or slippers, it will often subside. A small pad round the bunion mayo help. Where symptoms ascribed to bunions are in fact due to rigidity of the toe points (hallux rigid us) foot exercises such as picking up marbles or bean bags with the toes may help.

In a true bunion the bursa may become infected and discharge ps. The treatment is rest, heat and antibiotics. An operation may be the best way of preventing further trouble. Final results are usually good although a long convalescence with several weeks hobbling on crutches will have to be endured.

Bunions are agony; worse than toothache and those who wear tight shoes will probably pay a painful pricw. Every child should be allowed enough room for the foot to grow within the shoe. Parents must keep a watchful eye to see that the toes do not become cramped.
In the knee there is a bursa over the knee-cap which may become inflamed if much kneeling is fone (housemaids). This subsides with rest, and it may be necessary to aoid kneeling. Exercising the parts, but not to the extendt of agony, can help to dissipate adhesions and prevent recurrence.

A knwee or elbow arthro-pad worn for ad day or two (not regularly because of weakening effect on muscles) may help. This should be obtainable at good chemists.

Injury caused by excessive heat to part of the body so as to damage jor kills the tissues. It may be due to a flame, a hot object, excessive sunlight, or boiling water when the condition is called a SCALD. There is no pratical difference between a burn and scald. Burns may also be caused by chemicals. In mild cases there may be only reddening of the skin (first degree).

In second degree there is blistering, and in third degree, the whole skin thickness is destroyed, and the area appears charred. There are tow chief dangers. First is shock, a severe form of collapse which follows extensive burns. Second is infection. When the tissues are killed or injured they cannot defend against invasion by germs, so that burns easily become infected and “fester”.

The immediate home treatment of burns (dry or wet) is to cool in cold running water; damage and pain can thus be reduced. Continue cooling until there is no further pain (up to thirty minutes if necessary). If the burn is severe odor large (e.g. a blistered area more than 1″(25 mm) across in a child or 3″ (75 mm) in an adult) shock should be treated by wrapping unburned areas with extra clotting or a blanket and giving a warm. Sugared drink if patient is conscious.

Urgent medical treatment is required for large burns but initial cooling is always necessary. Smaller burns can be covered by a freshly laundered handkerchief. Later they can be dressed with cariole cream or beta dines spray and covered with a no-stick million dressing. Do not apply creams. If “festering” occurs, consult your doctor who may give antibiotics.

Bronchoscopy
A procedure whereby the specialist uses an illuminated tube to look down the large breathing tubes and by which he can detect certain illnesses and take samples for testing.

Brucellosis
Infection caught by contact with infected cattle or their milk and characterized by intermittent fever, aches and pains. As symptoms are vague it is difficult to diagnose and should be considered whenever here is unexplained, persistent fever. People in rural areas should avoid drinking unpasteurised milk. Frequent veterinary inspection and testing of cattle is important for the prevention of this distressing disease.

Bruises
Caused by violence which does not break the skin, but injures the tissues. Colour hanges are due to bleeding into the damaged tissues. The only treatment is time, which brings a return to normal. If painful cold compress lint wrung out in ice-cold water- helps. A black eye is one variety of bruise. The proverbial beef steak is no use. In children a loving cuddle is often the bedst medicine. Bunion. (See BURSA.)